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The field of prises the study and use of systems that operate by controlling the flow of electrons or other charge carriers in devices such as thermionic valves vacuum tubes and semiconductors. The design and construction of electronic circuits to solve practical problems is an integral technique in the field of electronics engineering and is equally important in hardware design puter engineering. All applications of electronics involve the transmission of either information or power.

Most deal only with information. The study of new semiconductor devices and surrounding technology is sometimes considered a branch of physics.

This article focuses on engineering aspects of electronics. Electronic systems are used to perform a wide variety of tasks.

The main uses of electronic circuits are: 1. the controlling and processing of data 2.

the conversion tofrom and distribution of electric power Both these applications involve the creation andor detection of electromagnetic fields and electric currents. While electrical energy had been used for some time prior to the late 19th century to transmit data over telegraph and telephone lines, development in electronics grew exponentially after the advent of radio.

One way of looking at an electronic system is to divide it into 3 parts: For example, a television set contains these 3 parts. The televisions input transforms a broadcast signal received by an antenna or fed in through a cable into a currentvoltage signal that can be used by the device.

Signal processing circuits inside the television extract information from this signal that dictates brightness, colour and sound level. Output devices then convert this information back into physical form.

A cathode ray tube transforms electronic signals into a visible image on the screen. Magnet-driven speakers convert signals into audible sound.

An ponent is any indivisible electronic building block packaged in a discrete form with two or more connecting leads or metallic ponents are intended to be connected together, usually by soldering to a printed circuit board, to create an electronic circuit with a particular function for example an amplifier, radio receiver, or ponents may be packaged singly resistor, capacitor, transistor, diode etc. or in more or plex groups as integrated circuits operational amplifier, resistor array, logic gate etc.

ponents are sometimes called devices rather ponents. Most analog electronic appliances, such as radio receivers, are constructed binations of a few types of basic circuits.

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